Ecological Impacts Of Climate Change - 1855 Words

Ecological Impacts of Climate Change Introduction Industrialization resulted in a significant number of the human population shifting from the traditional ways of artisanship to production and manufacturing as a way to earn a living. The standards of living were improved as the population increased resulting in the clearing of more forests to create land for settlement. However, little considerations were made on the impact that the carbon emissions from the industries and the cutting down of trees would have on the ecosystem. The global temperatures began to rise steadily in a phenomenon referred to as global warming. Therefore, global warming can be referred to as the rise in temperature due to the high carbon emissions that form a†¦show more content†¦Climate change has also had a negative impact on the aquatic life. For instance, fish normally thrive and reproduce in cool waters. Global warming results in a very high rise in temperatures; however, the effect is not normally felt since water covers more than two-thirds o f the earth’s surface and therefore absorbs much of the rise in temperature. The Ocean temperatures have therefore risen to very high levels that are not conducive for reproduction of fish; this has resulted in a significant reduction in the population of fish species with others becoming extinct while others try to migrate to regions where ocean temperatures are lower (Harley et al., 2006). The reduction in the population of fish has resulted in a great imbalance in the ecosystem and food chain as other ocean creatures that would feed on fish have to look for other predators or also die. The high carbon emissions into the atmosphere result in an upsurge in the carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere. Approximately one-third of the carbon dioxide emitted is absorbed by the Oceans resulting in the acidification of the Oceans due to an upsurge in pH levels (Kleypas et al., 2005). The reaction of carbon dioxide with water results in the production of an acid. Acidification of the Oceans affects the corals, as they are unable to absorb the calcium carbonate that is needed to sustain their skeletons. Additionally, most of theShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Ecological And Climate Change On Europe1614 Words   |  7 PagesWhat was the impact of ecological and climate change on Europe between c.1500 and c.1650? Early Modern Europe started at the beginning of the 15th century and is a period which characterized by prodigious discoveries and inventions. It was also a period of great changes, hardship and wars that paved the way towards the Modern World and the industrial revolution. If the end of this period is often seen as one of intense human advancement especially in term of the arts, humanities and socialRead MoreScience : Our Ecosystem And Environmental Systems Are Being Disrupted1209 Words   |  5 PagesUnderlying science: Our ecosystem and environmental systems are being disrupted. The human race may be reaching carrying capacity on Earth. o Ecological collapse: when an ecological system suffers drastic change reducing the carrying capacity for all organisms (Ecological Collapse, 2014) o Climate Change: measurable persisting changes within a climate (Climate Change Basics, 2014) o Peak Oil: when oil production reaches a point from which it will continually decline. We are currently at peak oil (PolandRead MoreThe Legal Effect Of Critical Habitat Designation1239 Words   |  5 Pagesof listed species or ‘adversely modify’ their critical habitat.†[3] The key issues surrounding such designation vary considerably, ranging from; difficulties in habitat selection associated with the displacement of wildlife (i.e. due to global climate change), and ambiguity pertaining to the implementation of designations. FWS have voiced concern for the efficacy of critical habitat designations, stating that they act to â€Å"distract from higher-priority work†, while insignificantly affecting the protectionRead MoreThe Phenomenon of Compelled Migration Essay examples1602 Words   |  7 PagesEnvironmental migrants. A way to recognition. At present the problems connected with ecological and natural disasters and accidents become more and more relevant and actual. A natural disaster can negatively influence all the spheres of human life. The phenomenon of compelled migration is one of the main effects of such a bad impact. The problems connected with deterioration of environment are complicated and differ greatly from the problems we used to solve. When we speak about the solution ofRead MoreThe Potential Relationship Between Human Activity and Climate Change1348 Words   |  6 PagesThe Potential Relationship Between Human Activity and Climate Change The idea of global warming has been around for over one hundred years, but in recent decades climate change has become a serious threat to national security. To better understand, global warming is defined as the gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earths atmosphere, generally recognized as the greenhouse effect, and is caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, CFCs, and other pollutants, also known as greenhouseRead MoreEnvironmental Impacts on UNICEF1581 Words   |  6 PagesEnvironmental impacts on UNICEF UNICEF is considered as an organization associated with g children and works for the protection, children development and protection in the world. It works in more than 155 countries and to improve vital elements such as, emergency relief, education HIV treatment, nutrition, immunization, and clean water and health systems. The main objective of UNICEF is to work together with communities to enhance children well being. It is a voluntary agency, which depends onRead MoreAnalyzing Anthropocentrism Ethic : A Case Study Of Climate Change1209 Words   |  5 PagesTopic: analyzing anthropocentrism ethic: a case study of climate change Climate change is one of the most serious phenomenon in environment issue. As in scientist, the excess production and emission of greenhouse gases are the main cause, and the hidden executor is us, the human beings (Cook, 2010). This essay is based on the reading of â€Å"Myth as a Site of Ecocritical Inquiry: Disrupting Anthropocentrism†, but further analyze on the relationship between human and nature and critical thinking of anthropocentrismRead MoreThe Church And Its Impact On The Environment1509 Words   |  7 Pagesenvironment, in compliance with Church teaching. The environment is quickly becoming one of the greatest topics of debate in modern times as the impacts of climate change and deforestation become more and more apparent to the world, and is arguably man’s next greatest ethical concern. Regardless of one’s stance on ecological issues it is hard to argue that a change in our behaviour isn’t needed to prevent future devastation. The Catholic Church has always to some degree supported environmentalism, andRead MoreContemporary Management Of Traditional Forest1274 Words   |  6 Pagesoffered for co-managing resources. Despite the popular assumption, Indian tribes have managed lands for thousands of years prior to Euro-American settlement. Tribal communities relied on traditional knowledge to sustain their livelihoods. Traditional ecological knowledge is passed down through generations, which include harvesting, use of fire, and sustaining livelihoods through the landscape and cultural practices. In recent years, traditional knowledge held by local and indigenous communities has gainRead MoreEssay on Carbon Footprint of Coca-Cola Company1402 Words   |  6 PagesCoca-Cola: Steps Toward a Greener Future Abstract: Global climate change is a critical, environmental issue plaguing our planet. Greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels have skyrocketed since the beginnings of the Industrial Revolution thus contributing increases in average global temperature. Thus, numerous organizations and individuals have taken action to reduce their carbon footprints in order to lessen their impact on the environment. Coca–Cola, the ever-popular, soft-drink corporation

Pathophysiology Of Dementia And Alzheimers Disease

Pathophysiology: Dementia Dementia, also known as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is a progressive, chronic, and degenerative. 60% of dementia occurs in people over the age of 65. Dementia causes loss of judgment, memory, change in personality, and visuospatial perception. Severe cognitive impairment can occur over time, as well as physical deterioration and death. The brain changes in size and weight as a person ages. There is also a narrowing of the gyri, enlargement of the ventricles, and widening of the cerebral sulci. In AD, these changes are accelerated, causing issues such as atrophy of the cerebral cortex and loss of cortical neurons. In addition, the pre-central gyrus of the frontal lobe, superior temporal gyrus, hippocampus, and substantia nigra are all affected. Changes in neurofibrillary tangles (tangled masses of fibrous tissue throughout the neurons) , amyloid-rich senile or neuritic plague (degenerating nerve terminals in the hippocampus which contain proteins that form neurotoxic plague in the brain) and granulovascular degeneration can all occur as well. Though the exact cause of AD is unknown, possible factors of cognitive impairment in older adults include neurologic, cardiovascular, pulmonary, metabolic, psychological, environmental causes, nutritional deficiencies, and drug toxicity. Signs Symptoms: Alzheimer Disease is staged based on symptoms. Early (Mild) or Stage I can last up to 4 years. 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(Health, 2014).This essay is going to discuss and explore what dementia is and the fourRead MoreA Brief Note On The Canadian Baby Boom Generation3320 Words   |  14 PagesDementia is one of the age-related disorders which commonly affect the aging elderly population (65 and over). In 2010, the approximate number of people who had dementia was 35.6 million and it is estimated to double every twenty years, to 65.7 million in 2030 and 115.4 million in 2050 respectively. The incidence of dementia every year is 7.7 million which equals to one new case every four seconds (World Health Organization [WHO], 2012). In 2011, the Canadian baby boom generation initially beganRead MoreA Look At Non Alzheimer s Disease1684 Words   |  7 PagesA Look At Non-Alzheimer’s Disease Dementias By Katie Bergstrom, PA-S ABSTRACT: The most common tendency in assessing patients who display signs of dementia is to evaluate them for Alzheimer’s Disease. This means that Vascular Dementia, Dementia with Lewy Bodies, and Parkinson’s Disease Dementia are conversely overlooked as possible diagnoses. Special attention to clinical presentation and the use of diagnostic tests (such as the MRI) and assessment scales (like the Mini Mental State Exam) aid inRead MoreManifestations of Dementia Essay1343 Words   |  6 PagesManifestations of Dementia Melinda Godfrey GNUR543 St. John Fisher College Mrs. Yowell is a 90-year-old woman who is a resident of a long-term care facility. She was alert and mentally quite capable until about a year ago when she began to manifest signs and symptoms of dementia. A review of her medical records failed to document a thorough analysis of her dementia, but a diagnosis of â€Å"probable Alzheimer disease† was recorded. What are the common manifestations of dementia? The definitionRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease : A Complete Look At The Onset And Progression Essay2369 Words   |  10 PagesAlzheimer s Disease - A Complete Look at the Onset and Progression Alzheimer s disease is a condition that affects the cognitive status of many people around the world regardless of wealth, ethnicity, intelligence or any other factor. A specific case study that demonstrates the destructive nature of the disease can be seen in the case of Akram. Akram was an 80-year-old female with a past medical history of hypertension, diverticulitis, transient ischemic attack (TIA), and diabetes. She had a historyRead MoreVarying Aspects of Alzheimer’s Disease and Implementations for Nursing Care1954 Words   |  8 PagesThis paper will provide an overview of Alzheimer’s disease. It will explore its etiology, pathophysiology, risk factors and their modification, diagnostic and medical treatment including pharmacology, health education, and nursing care of Alzheimer’s disease based off nursing literature. It will go into detail of a patient who has experienced Alzheimer’s for 11 years and their specialized plan of care including their m edical history, physical assessment, concept mapping, nursing diagnoses, and specific

Strategic business management and planning Free Essays

string(57) " given priority according to their place in the company\." Introduction 1. Milton Friedman and profit maximisation: â€Å"The Business of Business is Business† Employees are very use full tool in any organisation, they are the one who have the direct contact with the consumers / customers and through their skills (which are provided by the organisations) they communicate with customers by providing them the end product or services, who bring the cash flow and profit in the organisation. So then the organisation can accomplish its goals and objectives in order to flourish. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic business management and planning or any similar topic only for you Order Now Organisations facilitate people with job opportunities then these people become the employee of that particular organisation, and then again organisations provide their employees the other relevant facilities like wages and job security, and in return these employees work hard and full fill the organisational responsibilities and help organisations to grow. This all process helps the society to retain its social balance. We can say organisations and businesses are helping the society by providing the job opportunities for the people so they can participate in their social responsibilities. But the main reason for any organisation to exist is to make profit and then more profit, by providing tangible or intangible products to their customers according to their needs, if the customers are satisfy with the products or with the services, the organisations or businesses will make profit. But if the customers are not satisfied with it they will go somewhere else in order to satisfy their needs and to get the better value for their money. Same thing apply to the employees of any organisation, if employees are very satisfy with the organisational facilities, they will become the loyal employees, work hard and feel like motivated and they help to achieve the organisational goals and objectives. But if the employees are not satisfied with facilities provided by any organisation or business, they will leave it and work somewhere else in order to be satisfy. 2. Charles Hendy’s Stakeholder view: Organisations use the shareholder’s (investors) money to start it or to do any business then it involves the suppliers who provide the raw materials, employees who work within the organisation and then the customers who buy the end product and bring the cash flow in the business. We can say it a cycle of investing, selling and bringing profit. So the shareholders can receive their money back with dividend. Shareholders always want the big chunk of the profits in dividends but the board of directors want to keep the most of the profit and pay less in dividends, so they enhance the organisation and reinvest in the business and try to become the leader or try to do better in future. Anybody who has any kind of interest with any organisation is called a stakeholder. It could be the individuals, groups or the different organisations as well if they are affected by it or affect the actions and decisions of the organisation. In very simple way we can say that, shareholders, employees, suppliers, customers, financial institutes, Government and society, all are stakeholders. Shareholders are always very interested in any kind of decision which effect that dividends that they receive from the profits, but any other decision which reduce the dividend even by a fiction, will not be popular with the shareholders. Employees are the best tool in any organisation in order to generate the profit, so the organisational views, goals and objects should be very clear to them. Suppliers always want to get the regular orders with punctual payment and it can easily effected by the decisions made by the organisations. Customers always want the better value for their money, they always be concerned by the organisational decisions which affect the quality and price of the end products. Financial institutes will try to influence the organisations to get big loans for long periods of time. Government will make new laws and passes the legislations which effects the business and also play a role in decision making. Societies and communities can be effected in many ways by the decision making for an organisation. 3. The new capitalists: There are many organisations and businesses around the world which are funded by the pensioner’s money. Government invest tax payer’s money in many different organisations, businesses and companies all over the world in order to support the pensioners in the society. In this way many times government play a part as a shareholder, when these companies make profits government take its dividend as a shareholder and pay to the pensioners. Conclusion: In first view, the employees are use full tool for generating and maximising the profit for organisations. Stakeholders are very important for any organisation in order to invest or run an organisation and to keep a balance within the society. But in my views an organisation should really serve the stakeholders, they are the one who invest in it, run it and then bring back the cash flow in the form of profit. Q. What are the implications of these differing views for Manager’s development of organisational strategy? A: managers are the agents of stake holders. They represent the stake holder’s needs, expectations, and values. Managers are the basic aspect of an organisation. The basic conflict raises the organisation when the agents, managers put their own views and values ahead of the stakeholder’s values and views and they try to demolish or violate their basic rights. If we keep in mind any of the view mentioned above , in any of the view the stakeholders might be different but they play and have an important role in an organisation, so their needs and expectations needs to be accomplished for the success and progress of the organisation. But some time these rights are violated when the managers put themselves ahead of the stakeholders. Organisations goals and objectives must be coordinated with the stakeholder’s needs and expectations, so that no conflict must rise and every one must be given priority according to their place in the company. You read "Strategic business management and planning" in category "Essay examples" Managers are the middle people, they stand in between the goals and objectives of the organization and the needs and expectations of the stakeholders. So the responsibility is on the shoulders of the managers to keep the balance in any of the view mentioned above. Q. â€Å"Stakeholders represent more challenges than opportunities†. Appraise the conflicting needs, power and influence of stakeholders. A: Stakeholder groups are not usually homogeneous, but contain a variety of subgroups with some-what different expectations and power. Most stakeholder group consist of large numbers of individuals (such as customers and stakeholders) and hence can be thought of largely independently of the expectations of individuals within the group. In some cases it consist of a small number of individuals or even single individual (the chairman of the company or minister of the government department). {Exploring corporate strategy; Text and Cases} Any individual or a group of individuals have any kind of interest in any organisation or business is called Stakeholder. These all stakeholders can have a very deep impact on the organisations through their different needs, demands, power and interest, organisations exists to make profits by satisfying the stakeholders. i.Shareholders ii. Employeeiii. Suppliers iv. Customersv. Financial Institutes vi. Government vii. Society Conflict and Influence: These all different groups of stakeholders have different kinds of interest in the organisations sometimes it could be common and sometimes it could be different. For example in common interest employees and shareholders both have the common interest, which is the success of the organisation and profits which leads to the high dividend for the shareholders and job security for the employees, in the same way suppliers have the interest in expansion and success of the organisation. And in conflicting interest, if an organisation is making profits, wages will rise and it is an expense of dividend but shareholder will not like it. Sometimes organisational growth could be expense of the local community or the environment in general. Organisations have to do the strategic planning for their better future so they can void most elements that can affect it in the future. For example External Pressures (competitors, customers, suppliers, pressure groups and government) and Internal Pressure (managers, managerial commitments, employees and unions). Government can influence the organisations by bringing the new laws, high taxation or by changing the existing laws. Power: Internal stakeholders has a great influence on the organisations because of the authorities and power they have. If the internal stakeholders are satisfy with the facilities and organisational environment/atmosphere , where they work the conditions are good, they will enjoy being working in this kind of environment, but if it is not they can disrupt the organisational plans. Sometimes they can bring uncertainty in the plans and all the organisations needs and depends on the stakeholders. Internal stakeholders have power to delay the performance of strategy and they can threaten the organisational actions or they might refuse to work somewhere else. Shareholders rights to vote and selling their share can make an organisation very vulnerable to make progress. Financial institutes can refuse credit because of organisation’s bad credit history, they can charge high interests or even can take some legal actions for non-payment and in very extreme conditions initiate moves to liquid ate the organisation. Suppliers can demand for high prices in future or even can refuse credit. Customers, who brings the cash flow in the organisations and keep it alive, can go somewhere else where they can get better value for their money, which is not a good sign for any organisation. Government has the power to change any law or to bring the new laws which can affect the progress of an organisation, increasing the taxation, government spending and more legal action can disrupt the future strategies of any organisation. Environmental pressure groups has power to motivate the external stakeholders refusing to buy products/goods or services or by publicising organisational activities as unacceptable. Q. How can organisations manage shareholder conflicts and handle issue of ethics, corporate governance and regulation? A. Corporate Governance: â€Å"Corporate Governance refers to the influence and power of stakeholders to control the strategic direction of the organisation in general and more specifically, the chief executive and other senior officers of the organisation†; {Corporate Strategy. Richard Lynch} â€Å"Corporate Governance is a key element in enhancing investor confidence, promoting competitiveness, and ultimately improving economic growth†. (James Wolfensohn, president of World Bank) Corporate governance have a very close relationship with strategy arises from the opportunities given the senior level management to influence the future goals, objects and purpose of the organisation. This senior level management or managers are generally the directors of the organisations. Sometimes public bodies can also have structures of corporate governance and it helps to cover the major issues of any non-profitable sector including the monitoring of the public services, quality and the value for the money achieve by tax payer and charity givers. Corporate governance’s main priority is to protect the shareholders of any organisation, it also helps to protect the overall status of an organisation and its objects against deceitful activities by its directors and officers. In the best interest of an organisation, its business and its shareholders, the directors must always make decisions without bias. Because they are the one who are responsible of the success of an organisation and bring the maximum profit for its shareholders. It should be done ethically and according to the laws and regulations of the framework of the organisation. Corporate governance gives strong confidence to the shareholders that organisation is being well monitored and directors are performing in the way they should. â€Å"Corporate governance is a broad term that has to do with the manner in which the rights and responsibilities are shared among owners, managers and shareholders of a given company. In essence, the exact structure of the corporate governance will determine what rights, responsibilities, and privileges are extended to each of the corporate participants, and to what degree each participant may enjoy those rights. Generally, the foundation for any system of corporate governance will be determined by several factors, all of which help to form the final form of governing the company†. { http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-corporate-governance.htm} Corporate governance plans different strategies to achieve the shareholders satisfaction. It helps to build the commitment between the managers and shareholders regarding the organisational goals and objectives. It provides a flow of positive information and disaggregation of financial information. Finally the target of maximizing shareholder’s wealth helps planned a strategy and sets valuable objectives for managerial decisions. â€Å"The value of the organisation need to be reflected in its purpose and possibly its mission statement, even the absence of value in the mission itself about the organisation and its view about its role in society, such matters may well reflect the role that the organisation sees itself playing in society, if any, and the responsibilities that flow from this† {Corporate Strategy, Richard Lynch} Ethical contemplation may influence corporate strategy at a numbers of levels. For some particular organisations it can be diverse, it doesn’t apply only that how an organisation dealt with its competitors or world at large but it also apply on the many other individuals, who are related with this particular organisation. It can be a customer or a worker. Ethical issues play a key part in the success of any organisation. Any organisation can achieve a good or bad reputation simply the way it behaves with its customers or individuals. Some organisations believe what they are only for making the profits, and ignore their ethical and social responsibilities. They think that the society is quite capable of looking after itself and just concentrate on looking after their shareholders. but on the other hands some believe that they have a responsibilities and role beyond this. This kinds of views in long term are beneficial for the organisation and for the shareholders. These views and mission statement helps for the good provisions for workers, strong ethical beliefs and standards and sponsorship of outside initiatives. In every society such considerations are sometimes unavoidable. These considerations may be very important to perform in that society such as environmental issues that goes beyond legal limits. Maximising of profits or money making is not wrong but it is the way in which some organisation act, and that brings the problem of ethical responsibility/behaviour. The concern of ethics is part of the professionalization of organisations, like welfare of the staff, job security and good environment for staff and customers. Ethical issues are very sensitive and should be dealt with in a highly professional manner. By dealing with ethical issues that an organisation is facing, managers are better able to understand and classify their own moral beliefs. Q: Critically analyse the content and relevance of the mission statements for each of the three different organisations (Pg165), with regards to their goals values and objectives. Tata steel: The history to Tata Steel is more than one hundred year old and was the vision and hardship of a single man, â€Å"Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata†. It is also known as TISCO (Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited). It largest steel company in India and it world’s fifth largest steel company. It took a very long and difficult time to Tata steel to reach at this stage as it is now. Over the daces this company has manage to build up different avenues of effective steel exploitation and predictable intelligence in more than one way. In the days of industrial revolution Tata steel was struggling but the modern scientific methods from the west, helps Tata steel a lot to survive and it is now recognised as a leader in steel industry in India. Vision and mission: â€Å"We aspire to be the global steel industry benchmark for Value Creation and Corporate Citizenship.† Vision Our people, by fostering team work, nurturing talent, enhancing leadership capability and action with pace, pride and passion. Our offer, by becoming the supplier of choice, delivering premium products and services, and creating value for our customers. Our innovative approach, by developing leading edge solutions in technology, processes and products. Our conduct, by providing a safe working place, respecting the environment, caring for our communities and demonstrating high ethical standards. MISSION: Consistent with the vision and values of founder Jamsetji Tata, Tata Steel strives to strengthen India’s industrial base through the effective utilization of staff and materials. The means envisaged to achieve this are high technology and productivity, consistent with modern management practices. Tata steel recognizes that while honesty and integrity are the essential ingredients of a strong and stable enterprise, profitability provides the main spark for economic activity. Overall, the Company seeks to scale the heights of excellence in all that it does in an atmosphere free from fear, and thereby reaffirms its faith in democratic values. {www.tatasteel.com} Conclusion: In Tata Steel’s vision and mission statement it is very clear that this organisation is not only concentrating on profit maximisation to keep the shareholders happy but it seems to be very promising about the ethical standard, working conditions and facilities for their workers. This is the key point for any organisation to survive and flourish for a long time. Tata steel manage to survive over a hundred years by their great commitment to becoming the first choice as a supplier by providing the best products, services and creating the value for their customers, by using the modern technology to process their products. In all these processes they are concern about the environment and communities too. By keeping a good reputation in industrial territory, they are building a good image of India in all over the world. Tata steel’s main object is to become a leader in steel industry by suing all its available resources in an excellent manor and keep happy to all its existing customers and make new customers to bring the maximum profit by keeping its workers satisfy. It is a very challenging object but not impossible. THE METROPOLITAN POLICE: Every country and society have their own police officers, they are there to protect the people and their properties. Police works under the government in order to keep a peace and stability in the society. Government make laws for the betterment of the society and police enforce it, so the communities and societies can benefit. It is very challenging job, they have to be ready all the time for anything might happen. They have authority to catch any body if they are breaking the law or making threats for the society. In all police are there to keep a balance in the community so that people can relax. But in my country satiation is completely upside down. There police can arrest anybody criminal or innocent, in order to take bribe. Mission: Working together for a safer London Increasing public confidence and satisfaction Preventing and reducing crime, disorder and vulnerability Increasing safety and security Improving quality of service Being efficient and effective Values: Working together with all our citizens, all our partners, all our colleagues: We will have pride in delivering quality policing, there is no greater priority We will build trust by listening and responding We will respect and support each other and work as a team We will learn from experience and find ways to be even better {www.met.police.uk} Metropolitan Police is a non-profitable organisation and its purpose is to meet the needs of people in the community through their services. Like all other organisations, Met police have its own motivations, goals and objects to achieve, which are stated in their mission statement. A non-profitable organisation means, an organisation which is not concern about distributing the dividends to its owners but doing good work and providing the relevant services within the communities. In this case Met Police is helping to provide the safer living standard to the communities. By providing these services Met police does not ask for anything in return from communities, almost everybody who is working within this organisation get paid by the government, apart from the volunteer workers, who work with this organisation just for their inner satisfaction only. Villeroy Boch Villeroy Boch is a very old company and its history goes back to 1748. It started in a village of Audun-le-Tiche in Duchy of Lorraine by Francois Boch. In the beginning it stared manufacturing ceramic tableware, plates, cups, pots and tureens, in simple shapes but excellent quality. This company has achieve the international reputation through its commitment and focusing the quality of its products and still focusing on the better quality life style products. This company have its own reputation regarding to its high quality and brand name and generate the annual sale of Euro 715 million in 2009. VISION: Villeroy Boch’s vision is to â€Å"be the leading European lifestyle brand with high competence and trend-setting style for high-end design and living.† It is very clear that Villeroy Boch want to be a European leader by providing their customer good quality products. Its focus is to satisfy its customers need and demand. UNIQUENESS: Its all-inclusive approach and high degree of diversification which are focused on the two concept areas â€Å"the single-source bathroom† and â€Å"the completely laid table â€Å"Error! Hyperlink reference not valid. Product Innovations Design competence Focus on customer’s demands and choice Leader in lifestyle brand Conclusion: As it is a European leader it has to be very innovative and creative in order to survive and maintain its position in the market, it has high quality, high purchase products so it has to satisfy its customers. It is a customer valued organisation, the products and the services that are provided to customers or consumers, their needs and expatiations, values and choices are kept in mind. It has very unique resource of research to keep its reputation as a leader in the market and giving priority and keeping focus to its customer’s choices which is kept changing according to the time. REFERANCES: 1. Exploring corporate strategy; Text and Cases 2. Corporate Strategy. Richard Lynch 3. James Wolfensohn, president of World Bank 4. www.wisegeek.com/what-is-corporate-governance.htm 5. www.tatasteel.com 6. www.met.police.uk 7.www.villeroy-boch.com How to cite Strategic business management and planning, Essay examples

Turn of the screw Essay Example For Students

Turn of the screw Essay Henry James was born at two Washington Place in New York City on April 15,1843. He was the second son to Henry James, Sr., an independently wealthy intellectual, and Mary Robertson James. From 1843 to 1845, James took his first trip to Europe. He lived in New York City with his family at 58 West 14th Street. James was educated privately by governess and tutors in New York and Albany. In 1855, he traveled to Europe with his family and attended schools in Switzerland and France. In 1860, with the outbreak of the Civil War, The James family moved back to the United States and settled in Newport. James was unable to enlist in the Union army with his two younger brothers due to a back injury he received when putting out a fire. In 1863, James and his older brother William attended Harvard. James did not complete his studies to pursue his writing career. William graduated from Harvard and became one of the most prominent American philosophers and psychologists of his time. James began his professional writing career with book reviews for the North American Review. His first short story, The Story of the Year, appeared in Atlantic Monthly in 1865. In 1866, the James family moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts. James had his first novel, Watch and Ward serialized in Atlantic Monthly in 1871. In 1877, James wrote The American, while visiting Paris and Rome. In 1878, The Watch and Ward appeared in book form, and James wrote French Poets and Novelists (criticism), and The Europeans (novel). While visiting Paris and Italy in 1879, he wrote Daisy Miller (novella), An International Episode; the critical biography, Hawthorne; and The Madonna of the Future and Other Tales. The following year, he wrote the novel, Confidence, while traveling in Italy. In 1881, James wrote the novels, Washington Square and The Portrait of a Lady. He traveled back to the United States due to his mothers weakening health. Jamess mother died in February of 1882. His father died shortly a fter in December of the same year. He returned to the United States for a short period to settle family matters before leaving to establish permanent residence in England. In 1883, James published his first collected edition of novels and tales in fourteen volumes in The Siege of London (tales) and Portraits of Places (travel). In 1886, James published the novels The Bostonians and The Princess Casamassima. In the same year, he leased a flat in Kensington, England. In 1887, James traveled around Switzerland and Italy in the company of Constance Fenimore Woolson, a novelist, and grandniece to James Fenimore Cooper. In 1888, he published Partial Portraits (criticism), The Aspern Papers (tales), and The Reverbrator (novel). James published A London Life (tales) in 1889 and the following year published The Tragic Muse (novel). James wrote two unproduced plays called Theatricals. In 1898, Jamess The Turn of the Screw was serialized in Colliers Weekly January through April and was also published in book form. Between the years of 1899 and 1910, James published The Awkward Age (1899 novel), The Soft Side (1900 tales), The Sacred Front (1901 supernatural novel), The Wings of the Dove (1902 novel), The Ambassadors (1903 novel), William Wetmore and his Friends (1903 biography), The Better Sort (1903 tales), The Golden Bowl (1904 novel), The English Hours (1905 travel), The American Scene (1907 travel), The High Bid (1908 drama), Views and Reviews (1908 criticism), Julia Bride (1909 novella), Italian hours (1909 travel), and The Finer Grain (1910 tales). In 1904, James visited the United States for the first time since 1883. He suffered from a nervous disease in 1909. In 1911, James received an honorary degree from Harvard and returned to England. The following year, he earned one from Oxford University. In 1913, James wrote his autobiography entitled A Small Boy and Others. The following year, he wrote Notes on Novelists with Some Other Notes (criticism) and another autobiography entitled Notes of a Son and Brother. Deeply disturbed by World War I, as James was with all wars, James did refugee and hospital work during the war. In 1915, James became a citizen of Great Britain. On December 2nd of the same year, James suffered from a stroke. After receiving the Order of Merit from King George V, the following year, James died in Chelsea on the 28th of February. His ashes are buried with his familys in Cambridge Massachusetts. In 1917, an unfinished autobiography was published entitled, The Middle Years. (Heller)The Turn of the Screw is a story related by a young governess, who describes the haunting events that took place while she was caring for two children in an English country house during the 1840s. The Turn of the Screw can be divided into main parts: a short prologue by an unnamed narrator and an autobiographical narrative by an unnamed governess. (Heller p.8) In the prologue, a group gathered for Christmas is telling stories. One of the people tells a ghost story about the experiences of hi s sisters governess. He was a friend of the governess, and she had given him her written documentation about the events, which he read to the group. My Math Autobiography EssayThe theme of the novel, as well as the meaning of its title, depends on its interpretation. As a ghost story, its pessimistic and tragic theme focuses on the battle of good intentions versus evil forces (Vaid p.118), with evil evidently triumphing, since the governess is unable to save either of the children. (Vaid p.121) As the governess gradually recognizes the depth and intent of the evil forces surrounding the children and struggles to protect them, every event in the novel becomes another turn of the screw in the intensifying horror. If read as a psychological analysis, The Turn of the Screw has a social theme. According to Goddard, The reaction upon a sensitive and romantic nature of the narrowness of English middle-class life in the last century: that from the social angle, is the theme of the story. The sudden change of scene, the sudden immense responsibility placed on unaccustomed shoulders, the shock of unrequited affection— all of these together— were too much. The brain gives way. And what follows is a masterly tracing of the effects of repressed love and thwarted material affection. (Tompkins p.85) Each stage of the governesss lapse into hysteria or insanity becomes another turn of the psychological screw. The governess, who is the main narrator of the story, is an easy character with whom to identify. She is described very positively by the first narrator, Douglas, in the prologue of the novel as a most charming person the most agreeable person Ive ever known in her position; shed have been worthy of any whatever. (James p.2) James give the reader a sympathetic understanding of the governesss background and current situation, when Douglas describes her further as the youngest of several daughters of a poor country parson at the age of twenty taking service for the first time in the schoolroom. (James p.4) In this way, James presents the governess as a person of good character, although young and inexperienced. The reader does not resist empathizing and identifying with the governess while she tells her story throughout the remainder of the novel. The Turn of the Screw is a gothic thriller, which has inspired different levels of interpretation. It would be interesting to read various works by Edgar Allan Poe as well as Mary Shellys Frankenstein, and compare the authors techniques, style, and possible social and psychological themes. The most memorable part of the story was the conversation between the governess and the housekeeper, Mrs. Grose, in which they first discuss the first ghost, which the governess has seen. The governess gives a detailed description of the stranger she had seen outside the window. He has red hair, very red close-curling, and a pale face with straight good features and rather queer whiskers that are as red as his hair His eyes are rather sharp, strange— awfully My companions face blanched as I went on; her round eyes started and her mild mouth gaped The housekeeper identified the apparition as Peter Quint, the deceased valet of the childrens uncle. (James p.23)And became of him?She hung fire so long that I was still more mystified. He went too she brought out at last. Went where?Her expression, at this, became extraordinary. God knows where! He died.Died? I almost shrieked. She seemed fairly to square herself, plant herself more firmly to express the wonder of it. Yes. Mr. Quints dead.' The Turn of the Screw is enjoyable and highly recommendable reading because of the authors ability to build suspense through scenes like the one above, and through his effective use of irony in contrasting apparent goodness with actual evil. The governesss first impression of the children made her later discovery of their deception and evil especially shocking. Flora seemed the most beautiful child I had ever seen a beautific radiant angelic beauty (James p.7) When she met Miles, she felt she had seen him on the instant, without and within, in the great gloss of freshness, the same positive fragrance of purity, in which I had from the first moment seen his little sister everything but a sort of passion of tenderness for him was swept away by his presence. What I had then and there took him to heart for was something divine his indescribable little air of knowing nothing in the world but love. James p.13)Gradually, she accepts the fact that evil forces have corrupted the children. She realizes that their more than earthly beauty, their absolutely unnatural goodness is only a game a policy and a fraud. (James p.47) As Vaid points out the contrast between the apparent innocence and the real contamination of the children is the keynote of the terror produced by The Turn of the Screw.

Operations research free essay sample

When we are attempting to make a business decision, the decision criteria should always be to minimize cost. Answer Selected Answer: False Question 2 EVSI can never exceed EVPI Answer Selected Answer: True Question 3 You are currently paying $12 per hour for labor, and labor costs are included in the calculation of the objective function coefficients of a maximization problem. The shadow price for labor printed on the sensitivity analysis report is $8. It would be economically beneficial to you if you could secure extra labor for $15 per hour. Answer Selected Answer: True If project 1 is performed then project 2 will not be performed. This can be modeled by the constraint X1 – X2 ? 1, where X1 and X2 are binary variables. Answer Selected Answer: False Question 5 Monte Carlo simulations are deterministic. Answer Selected Answer: False Question 6 In constructing a utility curve, Answer Selected Answer: b. the certainty of a certain amount is compared with the willingness to gamble that amount on a larger amount. We will write a custom essay sample on Operations research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Question 7 Banner Tools produces two styles of steel hammers with wooden handles. The first sells for $6 and consists of . pounds of steel; the second sells for $15 and consists of 1 pound of steel. Since steel costs the firm $4 per pound and the handle, labor, and packaging costs amount to $1 for either hammer, the profits coefficients are $6 . 5($4) $1 = $3 for the smaller hammer and $15 – 1($4) $1 = $10 for the larger hammer. Thus the objective function for this model is MAX 3X1 + 10X2. Given that the shadow price for steel is $2, which of the following statements is correct? Nike may build a factory at Millville (Y1) or it may not. It may also build a regional warehouse at the same site (W1). But Nike will not build a warehouse without also building a factory. So, its choices are: (1) neither factory nor warehouse; (2) factory only; or (3) factory and warehouse. The appropriate linear constraint to express this is: Answer Selected Answer: d. Y1 – W1 ? 0 Question 9 In sensitivity analysis, a zero shadow price for a resource ordinarily means that Answer Selected Answer: a. the resource has not been used up Question 10 Which of the following would not generally be listed as a reason for the popularity of simulation as a managerial tool? Answer Selected Answer: a. Ability to provide optimal solutions Question 11 The campus bookstore wishes to determine how many units of a discontinued computer it should purchase for an upcoming sale. The computers cost $800 each and the bookstore believes it can sell them for $1100 each. At that price the bookstore estimates that the demand will be between one and four units. Any computers unsold at the end of the sale will be marked down in price by 50% and will quickly sell out. If the bookstore does not have enough computers in stock to satisfy all the demand, it estimates that it will incur a goodwill loss of $100 for each unsatisfied customer. Determine the optimal decision. What is the expected payoff for the optimal? Answer Selected Answer: c. 462. 5 Question 12 A company faces possible industrial action by workers during the final rounds of wage negotiation with a workers’ union. The union is currently demanding pay increases and benefits worth $2m: substantially more than the industry standard. Ping, the company’s CEO is confident that the union will actually accept a lower amount but is not sure how to proceed. Ping has identified two possible offers that he could make to the union. Package A is $1m in pay increases and benefits (around the industry standard) and Package B is $700,000 in pay increases and benefits. Ping reasons â€Å"If we offer package A I think there’s a fair chance, say 40%, that the union will accept it straight away. If they don’t they will come back with their own proposal, let’s call it package Y, probably around $1. 5m. We could just accept that. If we rejected package Y then I think we’ve got a potential problem. The union might accept our first offer of $1m but it’s likely that they would see that as a defeat and so they might call a strike. I think there’s about a 75% chance of a strike. But because the strike is being called when we’ve got a $1m offer on the table, which is about what the rest of the industry is paying, I don’t think it would last more than a week and I think in the end we would probably agree to around a $1. 2m package. † Any strike will cost the company $150,000 per week over and above the cost of the package. Ping’s second alternative is to begin by offering package B. He estimates there is a 20% chance of the union accepting that offer immediately. There is also about a 10% chance that the union would be insulted by package B because it is substantially below what the industry is paying and immediately call a strike. In that case the strike would most likely last 3 weeks and a final agreement would be reached on a package worth about $1. 1m. Thirdly, the union might come back with their own proposal, package Y. Now the company has three possible responses if the union proposes package Y. (1) They can accept package Y. 2) They can reject it, in which case at this point the union would have about a 90% chance of calling a strike that would last 4 weeks and end in an agreement on a $1. 1m package or the union would have a 10% chance of accepting package B. (3) Or the company could increase their offer to package A. Because increasing the offer would be seen in this situation as a gesture of goodwill on the part of the company, the union would most likely accept package A (with 70% probability) although there would still be 30% chance of a 1 week strike that ended in an agreement on a $1. 25m package. Note that all amounts of money are in present value dollars and measure the full cost of each option both immediately and in the future). Draw a decision tree. What is the optimal for the most immediate decision? Answer Selected Answer: b. Offer B Question 13 Extel Industries produces integrated circuit components for use in the next generation of automobiles. In particular, it can make the AT50 unit that can control the air temperature in the car, the V35 unit that monitors vibration and makes adjustments accordingly, and the GM30 that regulates the engine so that the car provides maximum efficiency. The unit profits on these units are $84, $112, and $126, respectively. Each of these units uses different quantities of three computer chips (as shown below), which Extel purchases from a Taiwanese distributor. C101 H122 P043 AT50 1 1 1 V35 1 1 2 GM30 1 2 1 Each week Extel receives 350 C101’s, 300 H122’s, and 400 P043’s. The purchase price for these chips represents a sunk cost to Extel. Solve this using linear optimization. Which units will Extel produce? Answer Selected Answer: b. AT50 and V35 Question 14 The Wiethoff Company has a contract to produce 10000 garden hoses for a customer. Wiethoff has 4 different machines that can produce this kind of hose. Because these machines are from different manufacturers and use differing technologies, their specifications are not the same. The management indicated that if machine 4 is used, machine 1 will not be used since only a limited number of employees are capable of operating machines 1 and 4. Machine Fixed cost to set up Variable cost per hose Capacity production run 1 750 1. 25 6000 2 500 1. 0 7500 3 1000 1. 00 4000 4 300 2. 00 5000 Solve this using integer optimization. Given the information above which machines should be used? Answer Selected Answer: b. 1 and 3 Sunday, May 6, 2012 8:43:14 AM HST OK

Historical Problems on Augusts essays

Historical Problems on Augusts essays Historical Problems in the Original Works on Caesar Augustus As a history student progresses through his/her studies, there reaches a certain point where the student achieves an adequate level of advancement. A history student or any student for that matter, often achieves their primary base of knowledge of past events through modern sources. An advanced history student at one point becomes aware of the subjectivity of modern views of the ancient past. There are often gray areas where the original facts of any given history are questionable. One such subject which contains much ambiguity is the ancient history of Rome. Countless modern sources are available, yet all these modern, or secondary sources base their knowledge on original, or primary sources written nearly two centuries ago. Specifically, the reign of the Roman emperor Augustus, which lasted from 31 BC to 14 AD, contains some elements of ambiguity. While most ancient sources on Augustus are generally accurate for the most part, there are still certain questions that modern scholars debate over. In the following essay, I will present the historical problems relating to the emperor Augustus. While I will try to remain as objective as possible, I will offer my own thoughts or opinions on these ambiguous areas. Any opinions I have below are not completely original ideas, for these questions have been debated thoroughly by modern Roman scholarsa couple of which my opinions are heavily influenced by. I will note the The first historical problem I found is the vagueness on the nature of the relationship between Augustus and Julius Caesar. Caesar was the great uncle of Augustus. Caesar was impressed with Augustus at an early age. Cassius Dio, in his History of Rome claims the following: Caesar....enrolled him among the patricians, and trained him for the rule, carefully educating him in all the...

Overview of Economic Growth and Development in South Korea Term Paper

Overview of Economic Growth and Development in South Korea - Term Paper Example Todaro & Smith (2014) highlight the traditional tools for measuring development in economic terms such as accomplishing constant growth rate of income per capita to support a country to increase its output at a higher rate than its population growth rate. Gross National Income (GNI), inflation and Purchasing Power Parity are some of the aspects used to measure the economic health of a country’s population. Gross National Product (GDP) is widely used as an indicator of economic development and depicts increased production. It is used as a measure of economic development in South Korea, which reached a high of $1.6 trillion with a GDP growth rate of 2% and $32,272 per capita income in the 2014 fiscal year. While applying GDP as a measure of economic development, it is assumed that increased production creates the need for labor thereby creating employment opportunities hence raising individual incomes, which results in enhanced well-being. It does not necessarily mean that the c oncerns of poverty, inequity, joblessness and income distribution have been addressed. Instead of only focusing on the market value of economic activity, it is important to measure the levels at which social goals are accomplished, for example, whether the society is able to sustainably access basic human needs. GDP encompasses all goods and services irrespective of their contribution if any, to sincere developments in a country’s population, or whether such outlays were focused on moderating the loss resulting from a growing economy.

Volunteer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Volunteer - Essay Example Therefore the workplace if full of aged workers who believe that they should be the ones in leadership positions since they have many years of experience. As a result, young managers get a difficult time supervising employees who are unhappy with the leadership structures in the firm. Hence, by choosing to clean an old person’s home, I expected I would learn a few skills on how to work with the aged. The day of the volunteering experience was quite eventful. We were a small group of five students. At first, I thought we were too many for a simple task. However, the house was quite big with a sizable yard. We assembled outside the house until everyone had arrived. When everyone was present, we knocked on the door and an elderly woman, Natalie, welcomed us in. The couple took us round the house and orientated us to the place after exchanging pleasantries. Even though they were specific about the areas to clean, we ended up identifying many other dirty places to clean. After the orientation, we sat down and planned the activities of the day. We divided ourselves into three groups of two members each. Some of us would clean the roof and repair the fence. Some would mow the lawn and help the first group when done. The remaining two would work in the house with Natalie, to clean the shelves, counters, sinks, and the washroom. Peter, one of the other volunteers, and I remained indoors to clean the house. We took a half an hour break after cleaning for three hours nonstop. During the break, Natalie was kind enough and served us coffee. After the break, we embarked on cleaning the house. Peter and I started by cleaning the sinks. Later, we moved to the shelves, and lastly we worked on the counters. We also dusted the chairs though it was not on the schedule. By the time we were finishing, the yard group had also completed their work. I managed to meet all my three learning objectives for the

To what extent should the use of Capital Punishment be a matter for Essay

To what extent should the use of Capital Punishment be a matter for Political & Moral Choice rather than based simply on its Ethnicacy as a deterrent against cr - Essay Example Dramatic changes in the letter and the practice of criminal law inevitably indicate that cultural work is being done, that a paradigm shift is occurring in the understanding of crime, criminals, and police power. The main problem is that the debates about capital punishment and its effectiveness are based on ethical principles rather than political or moral rules. Many critics state that capital punishment should be analyzed and discussed in accordance with moral and political principles rather than a 'common sense', values and traditions. Traditionally, the public discussion of crime and punishment encompasses more than the penal code and debates about courts, judges, and juries. The modern criminal justice system emerged at the same time as the fields of psychiatry, criminology, sociology, anthropology, and psychology. These disciplines purported to apply scientific methods of inquiry to behavior, mental illness, and the social and psychological dimensions of crime. In general, moral arguments can be made both for and against capital punishment (Logan, 1999). Long a key element of the debate, moral arguments also have tended to remain fairly static over the years, and often have been used in conjunction with religious arguments. Two moral arguments have remained particularly important throughout the death penalty debate: retribution and the sanctity of life. Those favoring the death penalty often argue that society must express moral outrage at, and condenmation of, heinous crimes such as murder (Coyne & Entzeroth, 2006). The conscience of society should be educated in the view of such a penalty; if it were not, or when it is not, poor and cheap indeed is the estimate placed upon the sacredness of human life. Conversely, abolitionists often argue that rather than upholding the sanctity of life, the death penalty violates it. Both Henry Fielding and Charles Dickens used moral and political arguments to oppose capital punishment. These same issues have been the subject of even greater attention and controversy in the modern era, as scientific studies have attempted to determine whether capital punishment acts as a deterrent to murder and/or whether it has a "brutalizing" effect on society. In spite of the fact that Fielding supported execution for Bosavern Penlez, he rejected the idea of capital punishment as the only possible measure to prevent crimes (Fielding, 1980). Proponents of capital punishment typically consider deterrence to be one of its fundamental goals. The execution sermons of the early colonies were full of warnings against following in the footsteps of the condemned, and executions were public events designed to instill fear and reverence for the law in the people of the community (Colson 1997). Also, critics admit that such mental state as monomania is an elusive form of insanity manifested itself in a single narrow area. Monomaniacs could thus appear sane and normal most of the time but would become obsessive, wildly irrational, and even homicidal in regard to one particular subject (Coyne & Entzeroth 2006). The rational faculties of the moral imbecile could be entirely intact, but the moral faculties common to normal humans were totally lacking. In court, and in some state penal codes, these new categories sometimes led to an "irresistible impulse" test: For the monomaniacal murderer or the moral imbecile, a single act of explosive violence might expose a lifetime of apparent normalcy as a

Different Environmental Influences On Various Organizations Business Essay

Different Environmental Influences On Various Organizations Business Essay Hawley (1950) said that all organizations have engaged in activities which have adjustment to the environment. Duncan (1971) emphasized that organization must adapt to their environment in order for them to be existed. Then Pfeffer and Salancik (1978) have concluded that: organizations are inescapably bound up with the conditions of their environment. Handel (2003) noted the environment in which the organization operate generated excess uncertainty about what must be done, the necessity that something must be done, and main consequences of whatever is done. Then what is environment of an organization? And why these factors have so much influence on organizations? Environmental factors The idea of environment context of an organization has been studied from early of the XIX century however the specific concept of organization environment and its components had not been formed yet till the late of the XIX century (Duncan, 1972). There were many fail attempt throughout the way. Pugh et al. (1969) had studied organizational contexts where the settings of organization structure are developed. However, it was not a model of an organization in an environment. Lawrence and Lorsch (1967) has considered environment as a total entity in their studied but they only looked at the environment from the organization outward. Till 1972 analysis, Duncan then finally concluded that environment was the totality physical and social factors that were taken directly into consideration in the decision-making behavior of individuals in the organization. With this definition we could identify that factors within the boundaries of the organization must be considered as part of the environme nt and therefore differentiate the environment into internal and external environment. Types of environment The organization environment is segmented as below: Source: Kuratko (2001) Internal environment The internal environment consists of those relevant physical and social factors within the boundaries of the organization. Strategy development It is how an organization could achieve the final goal. It demonstrates an appropriate pathway, instruction to the whole system. The strategy included all parts of the organization, from people, financial aspects, market factors, product characteristic, etc. Organizational culture, values This is the factor that shapes up the view of an organization about ethics and determines various important issues. It varied depends upon each organization, nation, area, religious, and belief of the organization. Handel (2003) consider high output does not depend much on technical conditions, such as physical features of the working environment, human physical capacities, or economic incentives, but on social conditions and organizational climate. Structures and systems This factor is the formal organizing principles that enable collaboration and guide behavior. It should be suitable and effective to achieve the organizational goals. It creates a chain of responsibility that affects the whole organization and demonstrates the management style. Also, this is the factor that identifies the chain of communication. Burns and Stalker (1960) studied British firms in the textiles, heavy industry, electronics industries, and found out that firm structure varied depending on whether the firm operated in a stable or fast changing environment. Metrics and incentives This factor is the formal measure that drives the behavior of individuals, teams and departments within the organization. It defines the promotion, advancement opportunities to motivate employees. Handel (2003) mentioned that the Human Relations researchers exaggerated worker happiness in the experimental groups and minimized the conflicts between management and labor. Technology and methods This factor is the capability that providing and delivering value. It help organization to achieve the final goal easier, quicker. The organization should provide employees with appropriate training so that they can make good use of these factors and generate the best value. Woodward (1982) examined the effect of different production technologies on organizational structure among manufacturing establishments. She found out that plants using mass production technology were more bureaucratized than those using small set technologies however, plants using continuous process technology tended to have more crude structure, and their production jobs contain more responsibility and were more skilled. People This factor is the skill sets and mindsets of individuals that work together to achieve common goals, including employees, partners, suppliers, etc. Making good use of the employees would lead the organization to great success cause putting right people in the right job would generate the best productivity. Also appropriate training and development of the human perspective would improve the performance of the whole organization remarkably. Activities, tasks, processes This factor is how strategies are executes and how work is done. It should be controlled closely by quality, responsibility and achievement. The internal environment of organization (Source: Kaplan, 2001) External environment The external environment consists of those relevant physical and social factors outside the boundaries of the organization. Internal environment factors affect directly on the organization performance and could be anticipated and controlled by the management but the external environment factors are harder to predict and require more effort from the organization to adapt after. Normally the external environment is divided into two sections as macro-environment and micro-environment (industry). Mostly, we could define the external factors based on the scope of study like Porters Five Forces (rivalry, new entrants, suppliers, buyers, and substitutes), PESTEL (political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, environmental, and legal). Porters five forces are elements of micro-environment (industry) which consist of the competitors (rivalry) factor, thread of new entrants to the industry factor, bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of customers and the thread of other produc ts that can substitute for their products. PESTEL are elements of macro-environment which consist of macro factors that organization have to adapt after and hardly resist. The basic model of these components is below: (Source: JG media, 2010) Impact of environmental influences on organizations. Organizations often overlook the environmental factors due to the obvious, unexpected and normally hidden characteristic of the environmental factors. Environment influences are delicate and persistent as well as difficult to identify and measure. Osborn and Hunt (1974) accepted that as the environment start to change, the organization must adjust internal structure and processes to maintain their operation and/or increase productivity. As for Webster and Wind (1972) environment influences are recognized in four distinct ways. First, environment defines the availability of goods and services. This influence reflects mostly on physical, technological, and economic factors. Second, environment defines the general business conditions including the rate of economic growth, the level of national income, interest rates, unemployment, etc. Economic and political forces are the main influences on general business conditions. Some of these forces are mainly task variables like economic factors, while others such as political variables may be hardly happened. Economic environment is an important element of general environment which consist of inflation, interest rate, unemployment etc. As these elements directly affect the business organizations, as well as employees, decisions should only be taken after having deeply studied and analyzed them. When inflation and interest rate increase the cost of goods therefore increase the price of products and lead to less sale. When the unemployment rise, the demand in buying would decrease and also lead to lower sale. These elements do not remain under control of business. So, the business organizations cannot affect thes e elements. Rather the organizations are affected by them. Third, environmental factors determine the values and norms guiding inter-organizational relationship between buyers and sellers as well as among competitors, and between organizations and other institutions such as government and trade associations. Such values may be formed into laws or considered as law. Cultural social, legal, and political forces are the main sources of these values. Each change in these factors would result in directly impact on the organization. When the target customer demand for better products and service, the organization would have to upgrade their technology, resources in order to satisfy and maintain the customer. Finally, environmental forces influent the information flows which most important is the flow of communications among potential suppliers, customers and the organization through mass media and other personal or impersonal channels. This influence reflects a variety of physical, technological, economic, and cultural factors. Other than those main forces, Handel (2003) has also mentioned that the existence of a common legal environment have impacts on many aspects of an organizations behavior and structure. Webster and Wind (1972) has identified environmental influences are exerted through a variety of institutions including business organizations like suppliers, competitors and customers, governments, trade unions, political parties, etc. The nature of these institutions would vary from one country to another, Asian culture to European culture, etc. These are elements that indirectly impact the organization which are sometimes forgotten due to the lack of acknowledgment. A change in values, beliefs of different markets could have a great affect on organizations. Hirsch (1975) argued in a comparison of the performance within the pharmaceutical industries that those obtained greater profits, controlled their environments better. A more concentrated industry; organization could restrict entry and manage their distribution channel more effectively. Though the environment factors all have great effect on organizations and change unexpectedly frequently, organization can still afford to reduce the affect of these factors if they understand the rules of environment and flexibly adapt after in a short time. Those with stronger scope and financial foundation could withstand the greater change in environment with less affect than normall organizations. Conclusion Environmental factors of organization are basic, essential and subjected to change any time so in order to survive, organizations have to be able to adapt to the environment changes. There are two major type of organization environment which are internal environment and external environment. Those segments are defined by the boundaries of the organization. Though recognized the importance of environment influences, organizations often overlook environment factors due to their basic and normal characteristics.

international terrorism :: essays research papers

After reading Martha Crenshaw’s essay on The Causes of Terrorism, thoughts were provoked that allowed me to look at the causes of terrorism from an entirely new perspective. It took my preconceived notions and feelings towards terrorism out of the picture and really let me look at the subject from a balanced point of view. I found this appealing because I have never been able to comprehend how there could be rational justifications to such a harsh reality. It really motivated me to try and understand more about such a complex subject.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This essay explained settings for terrorism, reasons for terrorism, and individual motivation and participation. All three of which made me think of the America before the constitution, before equal rights were assured to all individuals. These privileges did not come for free; we had to fight for them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In settings for terrorism, the author talked about subgroups of larger populations that may be discriminated against, or suppressed and not given equal opportunity for political participation. These particular situations may be conducive to terrorist organization and activity. These were some of the same settings for the causes of wars in America’s history, from the American Revolution, to the Civil War. During the American Revolution fighters for their cause were not looked at as terrorist although they did participate in, what was considered at that time to be, unconventional warfare which most consider today to be a personality of terrorism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reasons for terrorism are more complex. One intention of a terrorist organization may be to provoke a counter reaction from the government, to increase publicity for the terrorists’ cause, and to demonstrate that criticism of the regime is well founded. The terrorists mean to force the state to show its true repressive face, thereby driving the people into the arms of the challengers. September 11, 2001 was an excellent example of this. After the attacks, Americans were outraged and emotional. Action had to be taken to revenge the lives lost and to ensure our national security. Everyone seemed vulnerable now, more than ever. America’s fight against terrorism led to the invasion of Afghanistan and Iraq, and at the same time America tried to spread democracy in, previously, undemocratic countries. The intention of the Al Qaeda to strike fear in their target population was only the beginning of what they were able to accomplish. Al Qaeda showed the world that their criticism of America’s attempt to force democracy throughout the world was true. international terrorism :: essays research papers After reading Martha Crenshaw’s essay on The Causes of Terrorism, thoughts were provoked that allowed me to look at the causes of terrorism from an entirely new perspective. It took my preconceived notions and feelings towards terrorism out of the picture and really let me look at the subject from a balanced point of view. I found this appealing because I have never been able to comprehend how there could be rational justifications to such a harsh reality. It really motivated me to try and understand more about such a complex subject.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This essay explained settings for terrorism, reasons for terrorism, and individual motivation and participation. All three of which made me think of the America before the constitution, before equal rights were assured to all individuals. These privileges did not come for free; we had to fight for them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In settings for terrorism, the author talked about subgroups of larger populations that may be discriminated against, or suppressed and not given equal opportunity for political participation. These particular situations may be conducive to terrorist organization and activity. These were some of the same settings for the causes of wars in America’s history, from the American Revolution, to the Civil War. During the American Revolution fighters for their cause were not looked at as terrorist although they did participate in, what was considered at that time to be, unconventional warfare which most consider today to be a personality of terrorism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reasons for terrorism are more complex. One intention of a terrorist organization may be to provoke a counter reaction from the government, to increase publicity for the terrorists’ cause, and to demonstrate that criticism of the regime is well founded. The terrorists mean to force the state to show its true repressive face, thereby driving the people into the arms of the challengers. September 11, 2001 was an excellent example of this. After the attacks, Americans were outraged and emotional. Action had to be taken to revenge the lives lost and to ensure our national security. Everyone seemed vulnerable now, more than ever. America’s fight against terrorism led to the invasion of Afghanistan and Iraq, and at the same time America tried to spread democracy in, previously, undemocratic countries. The intention of the Al Qaeda to strike fear in their target population was only the beginning of what they were able to accomplish. Al Qaeda showed the world that their criticism of America’s attempt to force democracy throughout the world was true.

Paganism and Christianity in Beowulf Essay

Like a man outlawed for wickedness, he must await the mighty judgement of God in majesty. † (Beowulf, Heaney, p. 65) Finally, as Beowulf is dying after being mortally wounded by the Dragon, he ultimately thanks and praises God for the future prosperity of his kingdom, passing off the fame and glory to God instead of claiming it solely himself: â€Å"To the everlasting Lord of All, to the King of Glory, I give thanks that I behold this treasure here in front of me, that I have been allowed to leave my people so well endowed on the day I die. (Beowulf, Heaney, p. 189) The attempt at bridging Pagan tradition with Christianity is clear and powerful. Fate and personal fame and glory are important doctrine in Paganism, and the author of Beowulf is able to mend these characteristics with the Will of God and the ultimate power and glory of God, all major aspects of Christianity. 2-B2 The Gospel of Matthew was and still remains a critical text to Christians, both cradle Christians and converts from Judaism. It depicts the life of Jesus, as did the other two synoptic gospels – Mark and Luke. It includes depictions of Jesus’ birth in Bethlehem, his temptation, his baptism by John the Baptist, his teachings, his crucifixion, and his resurrection and Great Commission to his disciples. ?The Great Commission is arguably the most significant excerpt from the Gospel of Matthew as is believed to be Jesus’ instructions dictated to his disciples to go out and spread the teachings of Jesus. It is found in Chapter 28, verses 16-20: â€Å"Then the eleven disciples went to Galilee, to the mountain where Jesus had told them to go. When they saw him, they worshiped him; but some doubted. Then Jesus came to them and said, â€Å"All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me. Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, and teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you. And surely I am with you always, to the very end of the age. † This excerpt has been interpreted by Christians as divine instruction to evangelize nations, baptize non-Christians, as well as to perform missionary work. It is central to the theology of most Christian religions. Also of note, the Gospel of Matthew served as a bridge from Judaism to Christianity. In it, Matthew attempts to demonstrate how Jesus fulfilled the prophecies of the Old Testament and that Jesus is, indeed, the Messiah foretold in the old texts.

GED Overview - Prep, Online Help, Courses, Practice

GED Overview - Prep, Online Help, Courses, Practice Once youve decided to get your GED, it can be difficult to figure out how to prepare. Our poll shows that most people searching for GED info are either looking for classes and study programs, or are taking practice tests and looking for a testing center. It sounds easy, but it isnt always. State Requirements In the U.S., every state has its own GED or high school equivalency requirements that can be difficult to locate on the states government pages. Adult education is sometimes handled by the Department of Education, sometimes by the Department of Labor, and often by departments with names like Public Instruction or Workforce Education. Find your states requirements in GED/High School Equivalency Programs in the United States. Finding a Class or Program Now that you know whats required by your state, how do you go about finding a class, either online or on campus, or some other kind of study program? Many of the state sites offer learning programs, sometimes called Adult Basic Education, or ABE. If your state’s classes werent obvious on the GED/High School Equivalency page, search the site for ABE or adult education. State directories of schools offering adult education are often included on these pages. If your state GED/High School Equivalency or ABE websites dont provide a directory of classes, try finding a school near you on Americas Literacy Directory. This directory provides addresses, phone numbers, contacts, hours, maps, and other useful information. Contact the school that matches your needs and ask about GED/High School Equivalency prep courses. Theyll take it from there and help you achieve your goals. Online Classes If you cant find a convenient or appropriate school near you, what next? If you do well with self-study, an online course may work for you. Some, such as GED Board and gedforfree.com, are free. These sites offer free study guides and practice tests that are very comprehensive. Check out the math and English courses at GED Board: Free Math Videos and QuizzesFree Help with English Others, such as the GED Academy and GED Online, charge tuition. Do your homework and make sure you understand what youre buying. Remember that you cannot take the GED/High School Equivalency test online. This is very important. The new 2014 tests are computer-based, but not online. There is a difference. Do not let anyone charge you for taking the test online. The diploma they offer you is not valid. You must take your test at a certified testing center. These should be listed on your states adult education website. Study Guides There are many GED/High School Equivalency study guides available at national book stores and in your local libraries, and some of these are probably available at your local independent book store as well. Ask at the counter if youre not sure where to find them. You can also order them online. Compare prices and how each book is laid out. People learn in different ways. Choose the books that make you feel comfortable using them. This is your education. Adult Learning Principles Adults learn differently than children. Your study experience is going to be different from your memory of school as a child. Understanding adult learning principles will help you make the most of this new adventure you’re beginning. Introduction to Adult Learning and Continuing Education Practice Tests When youre ready to take the GED/High School Equivalency test, there are practice tests available to help you find out how ready you really are. Some are available in book form from the same companies that publish the study guides. You may have seen them when you shopped for guides. Others are available online. Following are just a few. Search for GED/High School Equivalency practice tests and choose a site that is easy for you to navigate. Some are free, and some have a small fee. Again, be sure you know what youre buying. Test Prep ReviewGED Practice.com from Steck-VaughnPeterson’s Registering for the Real Test If you need to, refer back to your state’s adult education website to locate the testing center closest to you. Tests are usually offered on certain days at specific times, and youll need to contact the center to register in advance. Effective January 1, 2014, states have three testing choices: GED Testing Service (partner in the past)HiSET Program, developed by ETS (Educational Testing Service)Test Assessing Secondary Completion (TASC, developed by McGraw Hill) Info about the 2014 GED Test from GED Testing Service is below. Watch for info about the other two tests coming soon. The GED Test from GED Testing Service The new 2014 computer-based GED test from GED Testing Service has four parts: Reasoning Through Language Arts (RLA) (150 minutes)Mathematical Reasoning (90 minutes)Science (90 minutes)Social Studies (90 minutes) Sample questions are available on the GED Testing Service site. The test is available in English and Spanish, and you can take each part up to three times in a one-year period. Calming Test Stress No matter how hard youve studied, tests can be stressful. There are lots of ways to manage your anxiety, assuming youre prepared, of course, which is the first way to reduce test stress. Resist the urge to cram right up to test time. Your brain will function more clearly if you: Arrive early and relaxedTrust yourselfTake your timeRead the instructions carefullyAnswer the questions you know easily first, and thenGo back and work on the harder ones Remember to breathe! Breathing deeply will keep you calm and relaxed. Relieve study stress with 10 Ways to Relax. Good Luck Getting your GED/High School Equivalency certificate will be one of the most satisfying accomplishments of your life. Good luck to you. Enjoy the process, and let us know in the Continuing Education forum how youre doing.

How to Become a Bestselling Author Get on a Bestseller List

How to Become a Bestselling Author Get on a Bestseller List How to Become a Bestselling Author Get on a Bestseller List We know its your dream.Its almost every authors dreamto become a bestselling author- to have your name on a list indicating that people wanted to buy your book more than all the other books.It sounds great, right? But theres more to becoming a bestselling author than simply writing and publishing a book.There are steps you need to take both when writing your book and during the publishing process that will make the difference between landing yourself on a bestseller list and hardly selling books.As a bestselling author of 6 books, Ive got some tips to help you become one, too.Heres how to become a bestselling author:Decide which Bestseller list you want to be onWrite an amazing bookBuild your author platformMarket your book ASAPDecide between traditional or self-publishingBuild a launch teamCreate a strong launch planBecome a bestselling authorNOTE: We cover everything in this blog post and much more about the writing, marketing, and publishing process in our VIP Self-Publishing Prog ram- where we teach our students to become Amazon bestselling authors in 90 days!Learn more about it hereWhat is a bestseller list?A bestseller list is created by different publications indicating and recognizing the top selling books of a given time period in any given number of places.I think youve all heard of the New York Times Bestsellers list. This is by far the most popular list, but there are many other types of bestseller lists out there today.Types of bestseller listsNot all besteller lists are the same. Like I mentioned above, the New York Times Bestsellers list is among the most popular, but any publication can craft their own version of a bestseller list.And that means you, as an author, have more opportunitites than just one to become a bestselling author.After all, the term is bestselling author not just New York Times bestselling author.These are the most popular bestseller lists you can land on:New York Times Bestsellers ListPublishers Weekly Bestsellers ListAmazon Bestsellers ListUSA Today Bestsellers ListThe Wallstreet Journal Bestseller ListAre bestseller lists a lie?I cant continue with this blog post without touching on the controversary surrounding bestseller lists- espeically the New York Times bestseller list (but all of them are like this).Most of the bestseller lists you know about or hear about arent exactly all theyre cracked up to be.Ill explainWhen we hear or see the term bestseller list we automatically think that it encompasses all the books who had the most sales.Thats what best seller technically translates to.Theres only one problem.Bestseller lists (like the New York Times bestseller list) choose their own criteria for what constitutes a best seller and they dont only rely on book sales.For example, most lists only take into account the number of book sales in a very specific time period and from very specific places- and most of them dont count online book sales the same as in-store sales.What does this mean for you and yo ur desire to be on a bestseller list?While bestseller lists arent exactly a lie, they dont paint the whole picture. Someone who sells a lot of books right at launch and then nothing for a while can still make the New York Times bestseller listeven though they might sell far fewer books than someone else who just didnt have as many sales at once.Essentially, it means that becoming a New York Times bestseller is a great goal to have, but it doesnt mean that your book is any better than the millions of others out there.That being said, many of us love the title of becoming a bestseller, so Im here to walk you through how to do that in the way that makes the most sense for you.Benefits of being a bestselling authorEven if most of the popular bestseller lists arent necessarily fair, there are still some perks to becoming a bestselling author.Here are some benefits of landing your name on a bestseller list:The title. Theres really nothing that has quite as satisfying of a ring to it as be stselling author does. It makes you feel good and rightfully so! Its an accomplishment no matter how it happened and the confidence boost alone is enough of a reason to work hard to reach that goal.The credibility. People just take bestselling authors more seriously. Because theres some sort of proof that your book sold more, people think that means its better. When they feel that way about you being a bestselling author, theyre far more likely to respect you, your book, and anything else you put in front of them- like a business.It helps you sell more books. Just like I mentioned above, being a bestselling author increases credibility. That means people will buy your book simply because it has that title- even if theyre not quite sure who you are or whats in your book. Its a simple way to increase your book sales.Its easier to sell future books. Once you hit bestseller status once, you can then add that title to your future books. Because of the same reason I mentioned in the point above, people are more likely to buy your book because the public perceived a bestseller status as an indicator of a good book.You can charge more for non-author gigs. This includes if you want to be a speaker or any other side business connected to your book. Because you have that bestseller status, you can charge more.How to become a bestselling authorIf your heart is set on becoming a bestselling author and reaping all the rewards associated with it, we can help you get thereNo matter if you want to become a New York Times bestselling author or an Amazon bestselling author, weve got you covered.#1 Decide which bestseller list you want to get onThis will ultimately define which path you follow to get published.Our list above details a couple bestseller lists you can aim to get on, or you can shoot for all of them if youre really ambitious.Here at Self-Publishing School, we teach our students how to excel in becoming Amazon bestselling authors in order to gain authority, increase your books rankings on the #1 platform for book sales in the world, and ultimately, sell more of their books.Its up to you to determine if you want to get on one, two, or even all of the bestseller lists available.#2 Write an amazing bookObviously, your book is important. While there is a lot of strategy involved in becoming a bestselling author, you do have to write a book worthy of selling.Heres how you can write an amazing book:Decide if you want to write fiction or nonfiction. Both types of books can land on their respective bestseller list. This is a fairly easy decision- just go with the first idea you have.Come up with a book idea. This can be made a lot easier with a list of writing prompts like this one right here. Remember that you have to be passionate about your book because if youre not, your readers will be able to tell. No bestseller banner will save you from negative reviews.Outline your book. One of the best ways Ive learned how to write a good book is to outline it. When you know where youre going, everything in between is easier to write, and that means you can focus on writing with quality.Write your book. It may take time, but if you follow our process for writing a quality book, you will be proud to have it out into the world. Keep our tips in mind throughout the process and youll write a better book, faster. #3 Build an author platformThis should happen before you write your book- or during it, if you just decided you want to become an author at all, let alone a bestselling author.What is an author platform?Your platform is your audience. In order to sell your book and on a consistent basis (which is key if you want to be a full-time author), people need to:know you exist andthat youre writing books for them to read.In order to do this, you have to be present on social media, have an author website, and market yourself as an author regularly.Where you spend your most time and how you go about that marketing will depend on what type o f book youre writing and who your audience.As an example, if your intended audience is an older generation between the ages of 45-60, theyre more likely to be on Facebook than other social platforms simply because those are Facebooks deomgraphics.Here are the demographics for social platforms so you can determine where youll focus your efforts:Facebook: 54% female, 46% male, 65% between 50-64 years oldTwitter: 24% women, 23% men, 40% between 18-29 years oldInstagram: 39% women, 30% men, 72% between 13-17 years oldPinterest: 41% women, 16% men, 34% between 40-49 years oldUsing these numbers, you can get a better idea of where you should start building up your author platform first.#4 Market your book NOWYes, before its even done.If you start on your author platform like I mentioned above, you can start marketing by simply creating social posts, videos, and more content related to your book and its contents.Here are some ideas for marketing your book before its done:Create social pos ts with tips and tricks related to your books contentsUpdate your followers on your books progressTalk about the process of writing a bookVoice your challenges with the writing or content itselfCreate countdown posts when it gets closer to time to launchEngage with your followers by asking them to comment below- and then have conversations with themReach out for interviews about you and your bookWe have more tips for marketing your book right here that will help you grow your following and get your books name out here.#5 Decide to pursue self-publishing or traditional publishingThis is where your earlier decision of which bestseller list you want to be on comes into play.If your goal is to become a New York Times bestselling author (which isnt all its cracked up to be, but you do you), youll have to go the traditional publishing route and commit to spending a couple years mostly waiting. However, if you want to become an Amazon bestselling author, that achievement is right around t he corner.Ultimately, you have to decide which is best for you, traditional or self-publishing?Here are some of the main differences to help you decide:What You GetSelf-PublishingTraditional PublishingSole control of your book's outcomeâÅ"“XSole control of your book's rightsâÅ"“XControl over the storyâÅ"“XControl over the coverâÅ"“X100% of royaltiesâÅ"“XEditing includedXâÅ"“Cover designXâÅ"“MarketingXXDeadlinesXâÅ"“#6 Build a large launch teamAnd make it a good one.If your goal is to hit bestseller numbers on the first week of your launch, you need a large and dedicated launch team to help make it happen.What is a launch team?A launch team is a group of people dedicated to helping you launch your book. They read it, review it on Amazon and other platforms, and participate in promotional activities.Heres what to look for in a good launch team:Theyre actually interested in your book.Theyre motivated and enthusiasticThey participate in promotional tacticsThey o ffer new promotional methodsThey have a moderate sized audience of their ownTheyve been on a launch team beforeYour launch team will be an integral part of whether or not you become a bestselling author- keep that in mind when recruiting volunteers.#7 Create a solid launch planWe have a very specific process for launching your book to become an Amazon bestseller.These tactics may not work for if you want to be a NYTs Bestseller. But they will get you that coveted orange #1 Bestseller banner on Amazon, which has relatively the same perks.Heres the launch plan we recommend (and you can read the full method right here):Price your book for maximum salesHost a soft launch and nail down your complete launch strategyGet book reviews from your launch teamReach out to book promotion sites for both paid and free promoStick to a minimalistic launch planAgain, our full book launch guide can be found right here for you to set up your book launch on Amazon in order to become a bestseller.#8 Beco me a bestsellerIf only it was that simple.This last step should really be something along the lines of mess up, try again, try it all over again, and then hope and pray, and try again instead of become a bestseller.Because thats what it usually takes:Luck, the right marketing, the best launch team, and a lot of hope.But if you have a system that is proven to make you an Amazon bestseller, then its almost guaranteed.NOTE: We cover everything in this blog post and much more about the writing, marketing, and publishing process in our VIP Self-Publishing Program- where we teach our students to become Amazon bestselling authors in 90 days!Learn more about it hereHow many books do you have to sell to become a bestselling author?There is no set specific number of book sales needed in order to become a bestselling author. After all, it depends on how many books other authors are selling at the same time.And it also depends on the rules and criteria of that specific bestseller list.Heres a g uideline you can follow when it comes to other lists: New York Times Bestseller list: 9,000 copiesThe Wall Street Journal Bestseller list: 3,000 booksAmazon Bestseller list: this number depends on current numbers being sold in the categories you listed your book inUltimately, we here at Self-Publishing School believe becoming an Amazon bestseller is not only the most attainable goal of becoming a bestseller author, but it also grants the same rewards as the others.How to become a bestselling author in the next 90 daysIts true! We help our students become Amazon bestselling authors within 90 days.Check this out if youre curious as to how.